เรียนเรื่อง clauses
Clause คือประโยคเล็กในประโยคใหญ่ เพราะมันประอบด้วย ประธาน (subject) และส่วนขยาย (predicate)
แบ่งออกเป็น noun clauses, adjective clausesและ adverb clauses
Adverb clause. คือ กลุ่มของคำที่ประกอบด้วยประธานและส่วนขยาย(ประโยคเล็กในประโยคใหญ่) และทำหน้าที่เป็น Adverb (กริยาวิเศษณ์: คำที่ขยายกริยา/คุณศัพท์/ตัวมันเอง)
· You may sit wherever you like.
· You will pass if you work hard.
· He fled where his pursuers could not follow.
· I do it because I choose to.
· He behaves as one might expect him to do.
· We shall wait here until you come.
· I shall remain where I am.
· Wherever one goes one hears the same story.
Adverb clause มีหลายชนิด แยกได้ดังต่อไปนี้ Adverb clause of—
1. Time
2. Place
3. Purpose
4. Cause/reason
5. Condition
6. Result/consequence
7. Comparison
8. Supposition/concession
ตัวอย่างแต่ละชนิด
1.Adverb clauses of time….จะมีคำเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ when, whenever, while, after, before, since, as, till, no sooner….than, so long as ประโยคตัวอย่าง....
· When you have finished your work you may go home.
· Don’t talk while she is singing.
· I have not been well since I returned from Chiengmai.
· As he came to the room all rose to their feet.
· Do it before you forget.
· They were commanded to wait till the signal was given.
· No sooner did he see us than he disappeared.
· The world will be the same so long as men are men.
· The doctor always comes whenever he is sent for.
· As soon as he heard the news he wrote to me.
2. Adverb clauses of place…. จะมีคำเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ where, wherever, whereas ประโยคตัวอย่าง เช่น..........
* I have put it where I can find it again.
* Where you live I will live.
*Let him be arrested wherever he may be found.
3. Adverb clauses of purpose คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี so that, in order that, lest, ประโยคตัวย่าง
*I will give you a map so that you can find the way.
*The UNO was formed in order that countries might discuss world problems better.
*He was extra polite to his superiors lest something adverse should be written into his records.
4. Adverb clauses of cause/reason คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี because, as, since, that, ประโยคตัวอย่าง
* Because I like you I shall help you.
*Since you are so clever you will be able to explain this.
*I am glad that you like it.
As he was not here I spoke to his brother.
5. Adverb clauses of condition คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี if, whether, unless ประโยคตัวอย่าง
*If it rains we shall stay at home.
*I shan’t pay it unless he sends me the bill again.
*I will forgive you on condition that you don’t repeat the offence.
*You must go whether you hear from him or not.
*Unless you work harder you will you will fail.
บางคราวคำเชื่อมที่จะใช้ละไว้ก็ได้ ตัวอย่างเช่น
Had I not see this with my own eyes I would not have believed it.
Had I the wings of a bird I would fly away.
He would be happier were he honester.
Were an angel to tell me such a thing of you, I would not believe it.
หรือบางที่ก็ใช้คำ Relative pronoun, adjective, หรือ adverb เป็นคำเชื่อม เช่น
Whatever happens keep calm.
Don’t annoy him whatever you do.
Whichever road we take we shall be too late.
6. Adverb clauses of result/consequence คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี so….that, such….that, ประโยคตัวอย่าง
* So terrible a disease broke out that very few of the people survived.
*He is such a good man that all respect him.
*The Roman built in such a way that their walls are still standing.
*He spoke in such a low voice that few could hear him.
7. Adverb clauses of comparison. คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี than, as, ประโยคตัวอย่าง เช่น
*He is older than he looks.
*No one can run faster than Bolt.
*He is as stupid as he is lazy.
*You must work harder than I do.
8. Adverb clauses of supposition/concession คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี though, although, even if ประโยคตัวอย่างเช่น
* Though I am poor I am honest.
*He set sail though the storm threatened.
*Even if it rains I shall come.
*Even if he is old he is able to do a great deal of work.
*I shall be able to get in although I have no ticket.
*I would not do it even if you paid me.
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