วันจันทร์ที่ 31 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554

A new bat has been discovered.

Just in time for Halloween, a new bat has been discovered by Wildlife Conservation Society workers in Cambodia.

Colloquially named “Walston’s tube-nosed bat” after the mammal’s discoverer, biodiversity researcher Joe Walston, the species was discovered in the Veun Sai Protected Forests in Ratanakkiri province.

The Veun Sai Protected Forests are an important biodiversity conservation area and part of one of the Kingdom’s largest remaining blocks of forest.

Veun Sai is also home to Cambodian sun bears, the clouded leopard and the Kingdom’s national bird, the giant ibis – of which there are only 200 left – as well as the largest known population of gibbons in the lower Mekong.

“I am flattered and humbled to have this extremely rare species named after me,” Walston, who has worked in Cambodia for eight years, said via email.

“Important research like this confirms the richness of the region for biodiversity and increases the urgency to protect wild places while there is still time.”

Walston, the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Asia Program executive director, has  studied bats for 17 years.

He worked with fellow researchers Csorba Gabor, of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Nguyen Truong Son, of Vietnam’s Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Ith Saveng, of the Royal University of Phnom Penh, and Neil Furey, of Flora and Fauna International, in discovering the new species.

Ratanakkiri province, a hub for extractive industries and commercial plantation development in Cambodia, is particularly vulnerable to border development projects in Laos and Vietnam.

Return of the King.


Retired King Preah Norodom Sihanouk has come home – this time, for good. In his first public address since abdicating the throne in 2004, the King Father, who has spent much of the past several years living in Beijing, yesterday announced that he planned to reside in Cambodia indefinitely.

Speaking on the occasion of his 90th-birthday celebrations, the former king told a crowd of about 40,000  he would no longer travel outside the country but instead spend his remaining years supporting the ruling CPP government and national development in the Kingdom.

“I was born on October 31, 1922  . . . I will be 90 years old, so allow me to stay with you, beloved children and grandchildren,” the King Father told  a crowd of government officials, diplomats, members of the Senate and National Assembly, civil servants, armed forces and citizens gathered outside the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh.

During his speech, which ran nearly half an hour, the former sovereign said his plan to stay exclusively in Cambodia would mean an end to his frequent medical treatment in Beijing.

Norodom Sihanouk was diagnosed with B-Cell lymphoma in his prostate in 1993. The cancer returned in his stomach in 2005, and another cancer was found in 2008.

He has been receiving medical treatment off and on in Beijing ever since.

“Even if my health is still a problem and I need to have Chinese doctors every day . . . we [King Father and Mother] have absolutely decided not to leave Cambodia,” Norodom Sihan-ouk said yesterday.

“We are happy to make this decision, and when it is necessary to have our great friend China take care of my health, please send the Chinese doctors to Cambodia.”

The retired king’s 90th birthday coincides with the 20th anniversary of the Paris Peace Accords, which en-abled his return to the Kingdom from exile in 1991 after the collapse of the Khmer Rouge.

“All my great beloved . . . I appreciate your devotion to national development. We have a national unity, resolving all problems for the nation, such as for the poor. I am retired, but will remain with the government to help  the nation’s development,” he said.

“We are happy, as it is the first time to have national unity, and no one can break [this national unity] or weaken it – for sure, we will be stronger and stronger.”

Speaking prior to the King Father, Prime Minister Hun Sen said the CPP was determined to pay strong attention to the protection of the monarchy, the Constitution, political stability and national reconciliation.

“The CPP and the government have always expressed high respect, love, gratitude and loyalty to the [King Father] as the father of unity and the national reconciliation,” Hun Sen said.
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The Nilgiri Tahr, endangered specie of the wild goat.

The Eravikulam National Park in Kerala was established to protect the Nilgiri Tahr, endangered specie of the wild goat and the only one to be found south of the Himalayas. Rich in forest and grasses, this park is relatively new as it was in 1978 that the area was notified as a park. The park lies along the high ranges of the western coast in the Munnar Forest Division of Idukki district in Kerala. It is situated on the border of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the north where it is extends as the Annamalai National Park.
History: During the British Raj, the North Travancore Land Planting Society owned the region of Rajamalai and Eravikulam, but they later handed over the area to the Kannan Deven Hill Produce Corporation. The Corporation turned the region into a private hunting area, as it was found unsuitable of tea plantation. The region of Rajamalai was declared a wildlife sanctuary way back in 1936, but the present sanctuary was established only in 1975. In 1978, the status of the sanctuary was upgraded to the level of a national park.
Location: Eravikulam is situated in the south Indian state of Kerala in the higher altitudes of the Western Ghats.
Best time to visit: The climate of this region is greatly influenced by the southwestern monsoon. June, July, and August are the monsoon months and this is the period when the region receives maximum rainfall while April and May are the hottest months. January and February receive little rain and the weather is generally clear during this time of the year. From September to December, the northeast monsoon brings a little rain and this period along with the months of January and February are the best time to visit this park.
Tourist attractions
The vegetation type of this region is mainly tropical evergreen forest. Grasslands, shrubs, and forests are what one finds throughout. Grasslands with patches of forests known as sholas in between cover almost the entire region.
The Nilgiri Tahr is one of the most endangered species in India and Eravikulam is the only place where one can find it. The primary motive of establishing this park was to give shelter to this animal. Due to the concerted efforts of the park authorities, now at least five to six hundred Tahrs can be seen here.
Other fauna species found in the park are gaur, sambar, lion tailed macaque, elephant, tiger, leopard, and giant squirrel. The park is also home to three species of lizards, four of snakes, and five of amphibians.
Anamudi (2,695 m) is the highest peak in south India and located within the park area. This is a good place for trekking.
Places around
Eravikulam comes under the Munnar Forest Division and travelers can have a panoramic view of the verdant surroundings and forested hills from here. Walks and hiking around this small town are an exhilarating experience. Travelers can also enjoy walking through the numerous tea estates of Munnar and view the entire process of tea making, right from plucking the tealeaves to their processing at the Kundale tea plantation.
Chinnar wildlife sanctuary is located around 60 km away from Munnar and is the only protected area in Kerala having semi arid and dry deciduous scrub forests. The wildlife in this park includes elephant, sambar, leopard, gaur, and most importantly, the starred turtle.
Marayoor is 42 km from Munnar to east of the Eravikulam National Park. Here, one can experience the peaceful ambience and beauty of a sandalwood forest.
Ten kilometers from Munnar, en route to Top Station, one can visit the Mudapetty Dam. This is a popular picnic spot and travelers can indulge in activities like boating and horse riding here.
How to reach
Air – Cochin International Airport (143 km) is the nearest airport from Eravikulam. It is connected to many places in India by regular flights. The airport is also connected to places in the Middle East by regular flights.
Rail – The nearest railway station is Ernakulam, 143 km from Cochin, from where there are regular trains to all the metros in the country.
Road – A motorable road is there up to Rajamalai, the park headquarters. From Rajamalai, one needs to travel on foot for around 18 km. Rajamalai is at a distance of around 17 km from the Munnar town connected to many places in Kerala and Tamil Nadu by regular bus services.

Bangkok, Thailand (CNN) 31 Oct. 2011


Bangkok, Thailand (CNN) -- A humanitarian crisis looms in Thailand after the worst floods in decades left parts of Bangkok and other areas of the country submerged, relief agencies warned Sunday.
Bangkok's central business district has so far avoided major flooding, but many of the areas nearby are chest- or waist-deep in water, forcing residents to flee their homes. The Thai government has set up more than 1,700 shelters across the country, where more than 113,000 people have taken refuge since flooding began in July after heavy monsoon rains.
More than 370 people have died, and charities working in the country have warned of the risk of water- and insect-borne diseases such as diarrhea, dengue fever and malaria in the coming days and weeks. Thai officials warned residents in the capital to be vigilant and expect disruptions with electricity and tap water.
"There are places on the outskirts of Bangkok and in other parts of the country which have been flooded for nearly two weeks," Matthew Cochrane, of the International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, told CNN.
"The country's prime minister has said that the city has 'dodged a bullet' -- the economic impact of central Bangkok being flooded would have been huge, and thankfully that did not happen -- but a huge part of the country is still under water.
"Outside the city it is certainly a humanitarian crisis, because there are people who have been cut off for weeks without any aid, supplies or food."
UNICEF said it was providing 20,000 mosquito nets, and handing out 20,000 pamphlets explaining how to stay safe and healthy in flood-hit regions. The Red Cross said it had provided more than 130,000 relief kits, and 120,000 packs of bottled water, but representatives in Bangkok said they were concerned at the lack of food and drinking water in communities isolated by the floodwaters.
Overall damage from the floods could exceed $6 billion, the Thai Finance Ministry has said.
Meanwhile, Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra has urged stores not to stockpile goods, amid concerns that panic buying was leading to a shortage of essential items.
Officials in the capital have warned residents to expect interruptions to electricity and tap water supplies. The Metropolitan Waterworks Authority said it had reduced the amount of tap water processed for residents from 900,000 to 400,000 cubic meters per day, because of high algae counts at one of its plants.
The prime minister said authorities would speed up the process of draining water into Bangkok's canals and into the sea, raising hopes that water levels in the city could start to sink. However, the government has warned it may take more than a month for the floods to recede.
Cochrane said the country still faced a variety of threats, including strong currents, disease and even crocodile and snake attacks. But he said it was vital that authorities and charities also start to look beyond the immediate dangers.
"In addition to emergency services, I feel we must start working on getting resources available to help people get back on their feet and live a life after the floods," he told CNN.
CNN's Bryony Jones and Aliza Kassim contributed to this report.

วันอาทิตย์ที่ 30 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554

Change Yourself before you change the world.

Change Yourself 

If You Don't Change your Mind, Your Mind Will Change You
Many people are not entirely happy with their lives, and they have felt that way for many years. Most realize that if they want things to change, they will first have to change themselves. But if that is so, why don't they change? Well, some don't want to.
Others don't try to change because of a false belief. And those who do try often give up too soon. Those who would like to change, but don't even try usually have one of the five false beliefs that follow. If you wish to get the most from life, make sure you don't subscribe to one of these myths.
False Beliefs:
1. Before you can change, you have to understand the cause of your behavior.
This is not true. It doesn't matter what caused you to become the way you are. You are always free to change. As long as you decide to change, commit to change, and persistently practice, you will be able to modify your behavior.
2. It takes too long to change, especially if the habit is deeply entrenched.
False. It doesn't have to take time to change. Even lifelong habits can be broken in an instant. A smoker who quits cold turkey is proof of this. Even if you don't experience instantaneous change, you can improve far faster than you imagine. Don't underestimate the great power you have.
3. If you change too quickly, it won't last.
Not true. Prove this for yourself. Reflect deeply on your life.
You will be able to recall many changes you have made quickly, some big and some small, yet those changes have remained permanent.
4. I can't change because this is the way I am; it is my nature.
Not so. It is your nature to do what you repeat over and over again. In other words, it is your nature to act out of habit.
Change your habits and you will change the way you are.
5. I am too young or too old to change.
Nonsense. We have the ability to change at any age. I'm 70 and continue to change daily, and expect to continue doing so.
Remember, we live in the world's largest room: the room for improvement. Make it a rule to be better today than you were yesterday, and better tomorrow than you are today.

The Process of Change:
Some people claim to be suffering and say they want to change.
Yet, their actions suggest otherwise. Why would someone who is unhappy refuse to change? Well, they may not want to give up their misery because it is a tool they use to win sympathy, manipulate others, or play the role of a martyr.
So, those who are thinking of change should begin by asking themselves, "Do I really want to change?"
Wanting to change is the first step. The second step is accepting responsibility. We are responsible for our happiness. Not our parents, friends, coworkers, neighbors, doctor, government, religion or God.
Accepting responsibility means we stop blaming the world for our suffering.
It means we stop looking for excuses and start looking for solutions. Sidney Madwed explains, "Every man is the architect of his own life. He builds it just the way he wants it. However, after he has built what he wants, he sometimes decides that he doesn't like what he has built and looks for someone or something to blame instead of changing himself."
If we are unhappy it is because we are doing something wrong.
Nothing will change until we do. That is, we have to change our thoughts, beliefs, and view. The fact is, it is not what happens to us that causes our unhappiness; rather it is our negative interpretation of the events. Until we grasp this point, we will be unable to move forward. To improve we have to be able to say, "It is not what happens to me that cause my suffering, but how I react, fight against, and struggle with what happens." Here's how Samuel Johnson (1709 ~ 1784) expressed the same thought, "He who has so little knowledge of human nature as to seek happiness by changing anything but his own disposition will waste his life in fruitless efforts."
Many people, despite a sincere attempt to change, give up trying to and return to their old ways. The main reason for this is they expect too much too soon. They expect to see changes overnight.
And when they don't, they give up. To avoid making the same mistake, carefully monitor and record your thoughts, feelings, behavior, and results of your actions. Look for changes in intensity, duration, and frequency.
Here's what I mean. Let's say Laura can't sleep at night, picks fights with her neighbors, and bites her nails. She monitors her thoughts and tries to improve. At the end of the month she finds that although she still fights with her neighbors and bites her nails, she is sleeping at night. That is a change in the INTENSITY of the problem. She has made progress. As long as she is aware of the progress, it will motivate her to continue. But if she focuses on the problems that remain, rather than the one she overcame, she may mistakenly believe she is a failure and give up the program.
Another example. Perhaps Laura has negative thoughts 16 hours a day. After sincere attempts to improve, she brings it down to 10 hours a day. This is an improvement in DURATION. She has made progress. Again, if she focuses on the fact that she still has negative thoughts, she may believe she failed and give up. But if she focuses on the fact that she has reduced her negative thinking by six hours a day, she will have much to celebrate and it inspire her to further reduce it.
Still another example. Laura feels depressed most of the time.
Once she monitors herself she discovers she feels depressed every other day. She now ardently tries to focus on what's right with her instead of what's wrong with her; she looks for the good, instead of the bad; she seeks solutions instead of excuses; she finds things to be grateful for instead of complaining. After a month, she finds she is still depressed "most of the time," but because of the records she kept, she knows she is now depressed every third day, instead of every other day. This is an improvement in FREQUENCY. So, if we fail to note our improvements in intensity, duration, and frequency, we may wrongly believe we are not making progress and give up.
What do you do if you wish to make a change, but despite your "best" efforts, you "can't" do it? For example, you may want to get along with a coworker, but find her "obnoxious" behavior too much to bear, so you simply "can't" change. Well, suppose I were to give you $250,000 if you could forgive, accept, and befriend that coworker. Would you then be able to get along with him or her? If so, this proves your "best" attempt to change was not your best, and what you thought you "can't" do is really something you can do, if you wanted to. So, before giving up, apply this $250,000 test. After all, if you would do it for money, why wouldn't you do it for your own happiness?
Together, we can prove that Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828 ~ 1910) was wrong when he wrote "Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself." Let's change the world by changing ourselves.
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เรียนเรื่อง clauses

เรียนเรื่อง clauses โดย โชคชัย
Clause คือประโยคเล็กในประโยคใหญ่ เพราะมันประอบด้วย ประธาน (subject) และส่วนขยาย (predicate)
แบ่งออกเป็น  noun clauses, adjective clausesและ adverb clauses
Adverb clause. คือ กลุ่มของคำที่ประกอบด้วยประธานและส่วนขยาย(ประโยคเล็กในประโยคใหญ่) และทำหน้าที่เป็น Adverb (กริยาวิเศษณ์: คำที่ขยายกริยา/คุณศัพท์/ตัวมันเอง)
·        You may sit wherever you like.
·        You will pass if you work hard.
·        He fled where his pursuers could not follow.
·        I do it because I choose to.
·        He behaves as one might expect him to do.
·        We shall wait here until you come.
·        I shall remain where I am.
·        Wherever one goes one hears the same story.
Adverb clause มีหลายชนิด แยกได้ดังต่อไปนี้  Adverb clause of—
1.      Time
2.      Place
3.      Purpose
4.      Cause/reason
5.      Condition
6.      Result/consequence
7.      Comparison
8.      Supposition/concession
ตัวอย่างแต่ละชนิด 
1.Adverb clauses of time….จะมีคำเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ when, whenever, while, after, before, since, as, till, no sooner….than, so long as ประโยคตัวอย่าง....
·        When you have finished your work you may go home.
·        Don’t talk while she is singing.
·        I have not been well since I returned from Chiengmai.
·        As he came to the room all rose to their feet.
·        Do it before you forget.
·        They were commanded to wait till the signal was given.
·        No sooner did he see us than he disappeared.
·        The world will be the same so long as men are men.
·        The doctor always comes whenever he is sent for.
·        As soon as he heard the news he wrote to me.
2. Adverb clauses of place…. จะมีคำเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ where, wherever, whereas ประโยคตัวอย่าง เช่น..........
* I have put it where I can find it again.
* Where you live I will live.
*Let him be arrested wherever he may be found.
3. Adverb clauses of purpose คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี so that, in order that, lest, ประโยคตัวย่าง
*I will give you a map so that you can find the way.
*The UNO was formed in order that countries might discuss world problems better.
*He was extra polite to his superiors lest something adverse should be written into his records.
4. Adverb clauses of cause/reason คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี because, as, since, that, ประโยคตัวอย่าง
* Because I like you I shall help you.
*Since you are so clever you will be able to explain this.
*I am glad that you like it.
As he was not here I spoke to his brother.
5. Adverb clauses of condition คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี if, whether, unless ประโยคตัวอย่าง
*If it rains we shall stay at home.
*I shan’t pay it unless he sends me the bill again.
*I will forgive you on condition that you don’t repeat the offence.
*You must go whether you hear from him or not.
*Unless you work harder you will you will fail.
บางคราวคำเชื่อมที่จะใช้ละไว้ก็ได้ ตัวอย่างเช่น
Had I not see this with my own eyes I would not have believed it.
Had I the wings of a bird I would fly away.
He would be happier were he honester.
Were an angel to tell me such a thing of you, I would not believe it.
หรือบางที่ก็ใช้คำ Relative pronoun, adjective, หรือ adverb เป็นคำเชื่อม เช่น
Whatever happens keep calm.
Don’t annoy him whatever you do.
Whichever road we take we shall be too late.
6. Adverb clauses of result/consequence คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี so….that, such….that, ประโยคตัวอย่าง
* So terrible a disease broke out that very few of the people survived.
*He is such a good man that all respect him.
*The Roman built in such a way that their walls are still standing.
*He spoke in such a low voice that few could hear him.
7. Adverb clauses of comparison. คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี  than, as, ประโยคตัวอย่าง เช่น
*He is older than he looks.
*No one can run faster than Bolt.
*He is as stupid as he is lazy.
 *You must work harder than I do.
8. Adverb clauses of supposition/concession คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี though, although, even if ประโยคตัวอย่างเช่น
* Though I am poor I am honest.
*He set sail though the storm threatened.
*Even if it rains I shall come.
*Even if he is old he is able to do a great deal of work.
*I shall be able to get in although I have no ticket.
*I would not do it even if you paid me.




วันเสาร์ที่ 29 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554

The global population is expected to reach 7 billion Monday.

(CNN) -- The global population is expected to reach 7 billion Monday -- just 12 years after hitting 6 billion -- and the milestone has many pondering the complex challenges associated with billions more people on Earth in the coming years.
Some are also pondering something else: Just how big is 7 billion really?
It's a number that's easy to underestimate.
On the surface, it doesn't look much different than 6 billion, either in written form or numeric form. There are nine zeros in 6,000,000,000, just like there are nine zeros in 7,000,000,000. But if you counted every number in between them, it would take more than 30 years. Yes, three decades.
Soon to be 7 billion people on earth
Meet the world's biggest family
Why is global population spiking?
And when was the last time you used 7 billion in everyday life? Have you ever eaten 7 billion of something? Have you ever owned 7 billion of anything? Early this year, there were only 140 people in the world who were worth $7 billion, according to Forbes magazine.
"The number is just outside of our usual everyday scale of thinking," said Klaus Volpert, an associate professor of mathematics at Villanova University. "We count to 10 on our fingers and that's our scale, you know? Even counting to a million is already kind of outside of the everyday experience. And then once you go past a million, it becomes a blur."
Here are some different ways that might help you envision the enormousness of 7 billion:
-- Seven billion seconds ago, the year was 1789. That was the year George Washington was inaugurated as the first U.S. president and Congress met for the very first time.
-- If you took 7 billion steps along the Earth's equator -- at 2 feet per step -- you could walk around the world at least 106 times.
-- Suppose an average thimble holds 2 milliliters of water. Seven billion of those thimbles would fill at least five Olympic-sized swimming pools.
-- Let's say the average human is about 5 feet tall, accounting for children. If you stack those 7 billion people end to end, they would reach about 1/14th of the way to the sun -- or 27 times the distance to the moon, Volpert said.
-- Seven billion ants, at an average size of 3 milligrams each, would weigh at least 23 tons (46,297 pounds).
"Our mind just staggers," Volpert said, when thinking about how big 7 billion really is. He said there's a similar feeling when trying to grasp ultra-tiny measurements or something as vast as outer space.
"Every once in a while when we look up at the stars, we get a glimpse of the scale that's beyond the human scale, and it's fascinating and great," he said.
Population experts are hoping that more people begin to grasp the 7 billion concept soon, because the number has skyrocketed in recent years and the situation is becoming more urgent. (See populations country-by-country)
The world didn't reach 1 billion inhabitants until 1800, according to the Population Reference Bureau, and it reached 2 billion in 1930. But with advances in modern medicine, it took only 30 more years to reach 3 billion, 14 years to reach 4 billion, 13 years to reach 5 billion and 12 years to reach both 6 billion and 7 billion.
The U.N. has estimated a population of 9.3 billion by 2050, and there is expected to be more than 10 billion people on Earth by 2100.
"We're getting into more and more trouble the bigger the number gets," said John Bongaarts, vice president of the Population Council, an international nonprofit group. "Every billion people we add makes life more difficult for everybody that's already here."
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๒๐ คำถามของชีวิตคนเรา โดย โชคชัย

๒๐ คำถามของชีวิตคนเรา โดย โชคชัย

(You are here not because of what you are, but because of what you can become).
ท่านอยากอยู่บนโลกนี้สักกี่ปี? ท่านอยู่แล้วมีความสุขเพราะยังมีอะไรๆที่จะทำอีกเยอะใช่ไหม?  ท่านอยากอยู่จนแก่เฒ่าไหม? แน่ใจหรือว่าท่านไม่เป็นภาระให้กับลูกๆหลานๆ? แก่แล้วคนอื่นๆก็อยากมาหาท่าน อยากมาพบท่าน เพราะว่าเขามีความสุขที่ได้เห็นท่าน/อยู่กับท่าน?
ไม่ว่าท่านจะเป็นใคร? ท่านแก่แล้วคนอื่นๆเขายินดีอยู่กับท่าน? ท่านไม่ได้เป็นภาระให้แก่เขา? ท่านแน่ใจหรือ? ท่านมีคำตอบให้ตัวเองแล้วหรือยัง? อีกไม่เกินร้อยปีท่านก็ต้องไปจากโลกนี้แล้วใช่ไหม?   ช้างตายยังมีงาทิ้งไว้ วัวควายตายยังมีหนังให้ใช้ ท่านตายแล้วมีอะไรทิ้งไว้? ลองนึกดู?
ถ้าท่านคิดไม่ออก ลองมาตอบคำถามนี้ด้วยความจริงใจ ตอบแล้วท่านอาจจะได้ข้อสรุปกับชีวิตของท่านเอง  ท่านมีค่า? มีราคาไหม?บนโลกนี้ ท่านดีใจไหมที่ได้เกิดมาเป็นท่าน?  ถ้าชาติหน้ามีจริงท่านอยากจะเกิดมาเป็นตัวท่านเองอีกไหม? มีอะไรอีกไหมที่ท่านอยากทำแต่ไม่มีโอกาสได้ทำเพราะความตายเอาท่านไปเสียก่อน?  นี่ก็ใกล้สิ้นปีแล้ว เรามาสรุปชีวิตกันหน่อย สรุปไว้ในใจก็ได้ ถ้าทำดีก็ทำต่อๆไปและให้ทำดีกว่าแต่ก่อน   ถ้าทำไม่ดีก็ทำดีบ้างอย่างน้อยคนที่อยู่ใกล้ๆท่านก็จะชื่นใจ มีสุขบ้างดีกว่าไม่มีอะไรเหลืออยู่เลย
๑.ลูกท่านภูมิใจไหมที่มีท่านเป็นพ่อ?
๒.การงานและเกียรติยศที่ท่านเป็นอยู่นี้ท่านภูมิใจมากเพาะมันคือความสามารถของท่านเอง?
๓.ท่านช่วยเพื่อนที่ตกทุกข์ลำบากกว่าท่านรอดพ้นวิกฤตหลายครั้งเวลาเขามาขอความช่วยเหลือ?
๔.ท่านไม่เคยเอาผลประโยชน์ของคนอื่นมาเป็นผลประโยชน์ของท่านเลย?
๕.ท่านเข้าใจชีวิตนี้ดีแล้วว่ามันล้วนอนิจัง?(ลาภ/ยศ/สรรเสริญ/นินทา/โรคภัย/เงินทอง)?
๖.งานที่ท่านทำ  ท่านชอบให้คนอื่นชื่นชมเพราะท่านมีความสุขและภูมิใจท่านหวังเอาชื่อเสียง?
๗.ท่านต้องเรียนให้สูงที่สุดเพื่อท่านจะได้มีโอกาสเป็นผู้นำได้ง่ายเพราะสังคมเป็นอย่างนี้ สนใจใบปริญญามากกว่าปัญญา?
๘.ท่านไม่เคยโกงคนอื่นเลยในชีวิตไม่ว่าจะเรื่องอะไรหรือกับใคร?
๙.ท่านทำผิด ท่านกล้ารับความผิดชอบด้วยความจริงใจและยินดีแก้ไขท่านมีความกล้าหาญ?
๑๐.ท่านไม่เคยอธิฐานขอสิ่งใดๆจากพระเจ้าเลยในชีวิตเพราะท่านช่วยตัวเองก่อนเสมอ?
๑๑.ถ้าชาติหน้าเลือกเกิดใหม่ได้ท่านอยากมาเกิดเป็นตัวท่านอีกเพราะจะได้สานงานต่อไป?
๑๒.ถ้าท่านเก็บเงินได้ก้อนใหญ่โดยไม่มีใครพบ  ท่านจะนำไปแจ้งให้ตำรวจทราบ?
๑๓.ท่านมีเวลาให้พระเจ้าและตัวเองเสมออย่างน้อยวันละ๑ชั่วโมงเพื่อแก้ไขข้อบกพร่อง?
๑๔.ท่านให้โอกาสคนที่สำนึกผิดเสมอแม้ว่าท่านสามารถจะกลั่นแกล้งเขาได้?
๑๕.ท่านมักแบ่งบันผลประโยชน์ให้กับคนใกล้ชิดเพราะเป็นพวกเดียวกันไม่คำนึงความถูกต้อง?
๑๖.ท่านอายเพื่อนฝูงที่เขาได้ดีกว่าท่านและไม่อยากให้เขาพบท่านและจะหลบหน้าเขา แต่ถ้าหากท่านเด่นดังมีหน้ามีตาท่านอยากไปอวดเขา?
๑๗.ทุกวันนี้คนได้ดีและมีความสุขมักเป็นนักบวชไม่ว่าในศาสนาใดเพราะมีคนยกย่องให้เกียรติพูดอะไรมักมีคนฟัง?
๑๘.ท่านเป็นคนที่รู้จักคิด รู้จักทำและรู้จักเกรงใจคนอื่นเสมอเพราะเขาเป็นคนเหมือนกัน?
๑๙.ท่านรู้ซึ้งแล้วใช่ไหมว่าความรักของความเป็นพ่อแม่นั้นเป็นอย่างไรสาหัสขนาดไหน?
๒๐.ท่านกล้าตอบคำถามข้างต้นทั้งหมดด้วยความเต็มใจและจริงใจไหม?
ท่านลองตอบเองเถอะเพราะแต่ละคำถามแสดงไว้ถึงคุณธรรม/แบบอย่างที่ดี/ความรัก/ความเสียสล/ะความอดทนอดกั้น/ความจริงใจสัตย์ซื่อไม่หลอกลวง/ความกล้าหาญและความภาคภูมิใจที่ได้เกิดมาเป็นคนไม่เอาลัดแปรียบคนช่วยเหลือคนเพราะเราเป็นคนด้วยกัน ซึ่งสุดท้ายแล้วแล้วประวัติชีวิตของท่านจะมีผู้อื่นเขาเขียนแทนให้เองโดยที่ท่านไม่ต้องเขียนเองก่อน  ตายไปแล้วคนที่อยู่เบื้องหลังคือลูก/หลาน/ญาติมิตร/เพื่อนฝูง/ผู้ทำงานร่วมกัน  เขาก็จะได้รู้ว่าท่านมีค่า/มีคุณค่าและมีราคาควรเอาแบบอย่างเพื่อโลกนี้จะได้มีสิ่งดีๆอยู่ตลอดไป
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ศิลปะอีกแขนงที่มีมนต์เสน่ห์อีกทั้งมีประวัติความเป็นมายาวนานของการประดิษฐ์สร้างสรรค์ เครื่องจักสาน หัตถกรรมที่มีเอกลักษณ์ความโดดเด่น ความงามในเชิงศิลปะและคุณประโยชน์การใช้สอยดังกล่าวซึ่งนับจากวันวานที่มนุษย์นำวัตถุดิบใกล้ตัวมาดัดแปลงเป็นสิ่งของเครื่องใช้
   
จากการสร้างสรรค์อย่างเรียบง่ายสู่ความละเอียดประณีต ในความต่อเนื่องของการประดิษฐ์สร้างสรรค์เครื่องจักสาน ปัจจุบันหัตถกรรมดังกล่าวยังคงได้รับการสืบทอดพัฒนาการผลิตเป็นสิ่งของเครื่องใช้หลากหลายรูปแบบและไม่เพียงเป็นที่รู้จักในประเทศ หากแต่ยังได้รับการตอบรับจากชาวต่างชาติ
   
เครื่องจักสาน เครื่องใช้ที่ทำด้วยไม้ไผ่หรือหวายนั้นในลักษณะรูปทรงจะแตกต่างกันไปตามแต่ละภูมิภาคท้องถิ่น ทั้งนี้ขึ้นอยู่กับภูมิประเทศ วัสดุอุปกรณ์ คตินิยม รวมถึงอาชีพในท้องถิ่นนั้น ๆ จากข้อมูลความรู้ที่สำนักงานคณะกรรมการวัฒนธรรมแห่งชาติ กระทรวงวัฒนธรรมได้เผยแพร่เรื่องราวคุณค่าความสำคัญของเครื่องจักสานที่มีเสน่ห์ผูกพันใกล้ชิดกับวิถีชีวิตไทยมายาวนาน
   
จักสาน คำว่า จัก คือ การทำให้เป็นแฉก เป็นหยักด้วยฟันเลื่อยหรืออีกวิธีหนึ่งการที่ชาวบ้านใช้คมมีดผ่าไม้ไผ่แล้วทำให้เป็นเส้นบาง ๆ โดยวิธีการอย่างนี้เรียกว่า จัก เช่นเดียวกัน ส่วนไม้ไผ่ หรือ หวาย ที่จักออกมาเป็นเส้นบาง ๆ จะเรียกว่าตอก การที่ชาวบ้านนำตอกมาขัดกันจนเกิดลวดลายที่ต้องการเรียกว่า สาน ต่อจากนั้นเป็นการสร้างสรรค์ให้เกิดรูปทรงต่าง ๆ เป็นภาชนะสามารถนำไปใช้สอยได้ตามต้องการ
   
จากความต่อเนื่องของการสร้างสรรค์สิ่งของเครื่องใช้เครื่องจักสาน นักโบราณคดีได้ค้นพบหลักฐานมนุษย์ได้รู้จักวิธีการจักสานของใช้ด้วยไม้ไผ่มายาวนานหลายพันปี นอกจากพบในประเทศไทยยังพบในทวีปเอเชียบางแห่งฯลฯ อีกทั้งในยุคหินยังค้นพบหลักฐานเกี่ยวกับเครื่องจักสานทำด้วยไม้กองรวมอยู่กับของใช้ของผู้ตายจึงสันนิษฐานว่าเครื่องจักสานเข้ามามีส่วนเกี่ยวกับพิธีกรรมความเชื่อบางอย่างของมนุษย์ในยุคนั้น
   
ต่อมาเมื่อมีการดำเนินชีวิตด้วยการเพาะปลูกเลี้ยงสัตว์เชื่อว่ามนุษย์ได้พัฒนาเครื่องจักสานให้เหมาะสมกับการใช้สอย ทั้งนี้เพราะการขยายตัวออกมาดำเนินชีวิตในที่ราบลุ่มมีแม่น้ำลำธารไหลผ่านพร้อมด้วยทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ สิ่งจำเป็นคือการหาเครื่องมือบางอย่างไว้ใช้สอยในชีวิตประจำวัน เครื่องจักสานจึงเป็นเครื่องมือที่สามารถนำไปใช้ในการดำเนินชีวิตประจำวันได้และไม่เพียงด้านประโยชน์ใช้สอยที่มนุษย์พัฒนาขึ้น หากแต่ยังมีความงาม ความคงทนทานถาวรโดยมีการคิดค้นนำยางพืชบางชนิดมาใช้ทาหรือยาเพื่อไม่ให้เกิดรอยรั่ว อีกทั้งยังทำให้เกิดความคงทนและประโยชน์การใช้สอยเพิ่มขึ้น
      
วัสดุที่นำมาทำเครื่องจักสานมีทั้ง ไม้ไผ่ โดยนำมาทำเครื่องใช้ในครัวเรือนได้เกือบทุกอย่าง อีกทั้งสานเป็นฝาเรือน ฝาบ้าน ฯลฯ ย่านลิเภา พืชจำพวกเถาวัลย์ใช้สานเป็นเครื่องใช้ ผูกภาชนะแทนหวายและใช้มัดขอบภาชนะ นอกจากนี้ย่านลิเภายังสามารถนำมาสานเป็นเครื่องใช้ได้อย่างงดงามฯลฯ หวาย ขึ้นอยู่ทั่วไปทางภาคใต้ใช้สานและผูกมัดคล้ายกับย่านลิเภา อีกทั้งยังมี กระจูด พืชที่ขึ้นในที่น้ำขังรวมทั้งยังมีการปลูกเป็นแปลงโดยมักนำมาสานเสื่อ เป็นต้น.

As it happened: Libya's Col Gaddafi killed

All key events will appear here in video or audio.
There aren't any at the moment, but you can continue to follow every detail in text on the left.

    Key points

    • Former Libyan leader Col Muammar Gaddafi has been killed, Libyan Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril says
    • His death was announced after transitional forces claimed control of Sirte, Col Gaddafi's birthplace, following weeks of fierce fighting
    • There are unconfirmed reports that Col Gaddafi's son Saif is in a convoy fleeing Sirte and is under attack; his brother Mutassim is reportedly dead
    1.  
      1231:
      Rumours are reaching us that Col Muammar Gaddafi has been captured and is wounded. A senior NTC figure told Reuters news agency the ex-Libyan leader had been trying to flee Sirte.
       
    2.  
      1233:
      "He's captured. He's wounded in both legs... he's been taken away by ambulance," the senior NTC military official told Reuters by telephone.
       
    3.  
      1236:
      The BBC's Eleanor Montague is in Sirte at the hospital where Gaddafi is believed to have been taken. NTC troops there say he has now been taken on to Misrata.
       
    4.  
      1237:
      An anti-Gaddafi fighter says Gaddafi was hiding in a hole in Sirte shouting "don't shoot, don't shoot", according to Reuters.
       
    5.  
      1237:
      The BBC's Caroline Hawley, speaking in Tripoli amidst a backdrop of celebratory gunfire, says if these announcements are true, it would be "hugely significant".
       
    6.  
      1238:
      An NTC official says Gaddafi's defence minister Abu Bakr Jaber Younes was killed during the capture - Reuters.
       
    7.  
      1241:
      The announcement came after transitional forces claimed control of Sirte, Col Gaddafi's birthplace. There has been no independent confirmation of his capture.
       
    8.  
      1243:
      Col Gaddafi, who was toppled in August after more than four decades in power, is wanted by the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity.
       
    9.  
      1244:
      The US State Department says it can't yet confirm whether the former Libyan leader has been captured.
       
    10.  
      1245:
      A website for pro-Gaddafi TV denies that the former Libyan leader has been captured, according to AFP.
       
    11.  
      1245:
      In the UK, neither the Foreign Office nor Ministry of Defence have been able to confirm the reports or make any official comment.
       
    12.  
      1247:
      A Nato official says they are checking reports of the capture, according to Reuters. The official said developments would "take time to confirm".
       
    13.  
      1248:
      Anti-Gaddafi radio Voice of Free Libya (VOFL) - based in Benghazi - has reported the arrest. "The confirmed news is that he has been arrested but it is unknown in which condition," the station said.
       
    14.  
      1251:
      NTC official Abdel Majid has told Reuters that Col Gaddafi was found in a convoy which Nato warplanes attacked.
       
    15.  
      1251:
      The rumours come as Libya's transitional government forces took full control of Sirte, which was the last city where forces loyal to Col Gaddafi had remained.
       
    16.  
      Eric, in Pretoria, South Africa,
      emails: As NTC is winning the battle, they have to install the government. The people of Libya must govern - not governed by Mr Jalil (leader of NTC). Democracy must govern the Libyans.
       
    17.  
      1256:
      The Reuters news agency says Col Gaddafi had died of wounds sustained during his reported capture in Sirte.
       
    18.  
      Melanie, in Austria,
      emails: I hope this is true and Libya can finally bring him to justice, bring peace and prosperity to its people and heal the wounds that his dictatorship has most definitely caused in their society.
       
    19.  
      1257:
      Pro-NTC TV is reporting that Col Gaddafi's son, Mutassim, and former interior minister Abdullah al-Senussi were captured with Col Gaddafi - however this has not been confirmed.
       
    20.  
      Ahmed, in Sirte, Libya:
      emails: It is lies that Gaddafi is not captured, it is just a propaganda
       
    21.  
      1300:
      The situation remains unclear. We are yet to confirm the rumours that Col Gaddafi has been captured or, as the Reuters news agency is reporting, that he is dead.
       
    22.  
      1301:
      Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said Libyans should decide Col Gaddafi's fate. "The fate of Gaddafi should be decided by the Libyan people," Mr Medvedev was quoted as saying by Russian news agencies, AFP reports.
       
    23.  
      1302:
      Meanwhile, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte says the deposed Libya leader's capture was great news if confirmed.
       
    24.  
      1304:
      The NTC's Abdul Hakim Al Jalil, commander of the 11th brigade, says Gaddafi spokesman Moussa Ibrahim has also been captured, Reuters is reporting.
       
    25.  
      1306:
      "Even if Sirte alone has fallen, it will be a huge milestone," says the BBC's Caroline Hawley.
      She is reporting from Libya's capital, Tripoli, which she says has "erupted in celebration".
       
    26.  
      1308:
      Reports of Col Gaddafi's capture have been greeted with celebrations in Libya.
      People celebrating
       
    27.  
      1311:
      NTC commander Abdul Hakim Al Jalil also said he had seen the body of defence minister Abu Bakr Younis Jaber. He showed Reuters a picture of a body which he said was Jaber.
       
    28.  
      The news anchor on Libyan state TV announced the capture of Col Gaddafi, saying: "This is not a news item, this happiness we are reporting."
      News anchor on Libyan state TV
       
    29.  
      1314:
      A news conference is expected shortly from the NTC, which will hopefully clarify the situation.
       
    30.  
      1314:
      The BBC's Gabriel Gatehouse in Sirte says if Col Gaddafi has been arrested and Sirte has indeed fallen then it will mark a turning point for Libyan revolution - the point at which it will be hoped, the fighting ends and the political process begins.
       
    31.  
      1315:
      But, our correspondent Gabriel Gatehouse adds, there have been many false dawns in the battle for Sirte and in the hunt for Col Gaddafi and his family. Until the shooting stops and the Libyan people get to see pictures of the man who led them for so many decades there will be plenty whose elation today will be dampened by scepticism.
       
    32.  
      1315:
      Here's a little background for you. The forces that toppled Col Muammar Gaddafi have been trying to find the fugitive former leader and take control of a few last strongholds since they stormed the centre of Tripoli on 21 August.
       
    33.  
      1318:
      Col Gaddafi's condition remains unclear, with conflicting reports over whether he is dead or alive. AFP news agency quotes NTC official, Mohamed Leith, as saying that Col Gaddafi had been captured in Sirte and was "seriously wounded" but still breathing.
       
    34.  
      1319:
      For a comprehensive catch up on how the conflict in Libya has unfolded, take a look at our Q&A here.
       
    35.  
      1323:
      AFP reports that a spokesman for Libya's transitional government, Jalal al-Gallal, and its military spokesman, Abdul-Rahman Busin, say the reports have not yet been confirmed.
       
    36.  
      1323:
      Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi says the war in Libya is "over", according to Ansa news agency.
       
    37.  
      1323:
      Read our profile of Muammar Gaddafi if you want to find out more about Libya's maverick former leader, who seized power in 1969 and has been one of the most distinctive figures on the world stage ever since.
       
    38.  
      1326:
      A fighter in Sirte has told the BBC his account of the reported capture. Mohammed, a young fighter in his 20s, wearing a blue T-shirt and a New York Yankees baseball cap, said he had found the colonel hiding in a hole in the ground in the city of Sirte. He told the BBC that the former Libyan leader said to him simply: "Don't shoot".
       
    39.  
      1326:
      The young fighter was brandishing a golden pistol which he said belonged to Col Gaddafi. He was hoisted up onto the shoulders of his comrades in celebration. "Allah Akbar" ("God is great") they chanted as they unleashed volley after volley of bullets into the air.
       
    40.  
      1329:
      Libyan TV is now reporting that Col Gaddafi has been killed and his body is being taken to Misrata.
       
    41.  
      1330:
      "We are waiting for clear confirmation from the NTC in Benghazi," says Mahmoud Shammam, an NTC spokesman in Tripoli. "I can confirm there was a convoy," he told BBC World Service. "But I cannot confirm what the big fish was".
       
    42.  
      1330:
      "The capital city has erupted in celebration," says the BBC's Caroline Hawley in Tripoli. "The more we do not get denials from the NTC, the more people will believe it is true," she says.
       
    43.  
      Nasr Anaizi 
      tweets: #Tripoli Ships in the harbour are sounding their horns. I am still exerting so much effort to restrain my excitement.
       
    44.  
      NTC forces have been celebrating after claiming control of Gaddafi's home town of Sirte.
      Anti-Gaddafi fighters celebration in the center of Sirte
       
    45.  
      Ali in Tripoli
      Gaddafi was discredited in Libyan hearts on February 17th. His capture marks the end of his reign over Libya and the start of a new chapter in our country's history.
       
    46.  
      1340:
      "I just hope it can be confirmed that he has been captured. It will finally bring justice and peace," Tripoli resident Amani told the BBC. "If the whole of Libya is freed, but Gaddafi is still out there, I don't think we will find that peace we are seeking," she says.
       
    47.  
      An anti-Gaddafi fighter climbs up a lamp post in Sirte to raise the flag of the new Libya.
      The new Libyan flag being raised in Sirte
       
    48.  
      1344:
      AFP has obtained a mobile phone image apparently of Col Gadadfi during his arrest. The picture shows a man who bears a strong resemblance to Gaddafi wearing blood-soaked clothing and with blood across his face. However the authenticity of the image has not been verified.
       
    49.  
      1346:
      CNN are also reporting the unsubstantiated rumours of Col Gaddafi's capture but stressing that the claims remain unconfirmed.
      But Al Jazeera has gone further, with a report headlined: Muammar Gaddafi killed in gun battle.
       
    50.  
      1347:
      "The city is going completely wild - it is quite deafening," Vivienne Walt, with Time Magazine in Tripoli, tells BBC World Service.
       
    51.  
      1347:
      A US State Department official has told the BBC that at this time they cannot confirm media reports of the capture or killing of Muammar Gaddafi.
       
    52.  
      1351:
      If you believe pictures speak louder than words, have look at our slideshow depicting anti-Gaddafi forces capturing Sirte.
       
    53.  
      1355:
      Nato aircraft on Thursday morning struck two pro-Gaddafi military vehicles in the vicinity of Sirte, a spokesman said. "At approximately 08:30 local time (GMT+2) today, Nato aircraft struck two pro-Gaddafi forces military vehicles which were part of a larger group manoeuvring in the vicinity of Sirte," Nato spokesman Colonel Roland Lavoie said in a statement.
       
    54.  
      1356:
      The UK's Ministry of Defence said it was not known if Col Gaddafi had been in the convoy. "It was targeted on the basis that this was the last of the pro-Gaddafi forces fleeing Sirte," a spokesman said. RAF fighters were not involved in the attack, although RAF reconnaissance aircraft were in the area.
       
    55.  
      1356:
      Nato has not yet confirmed Col Gaddafi's arrest.
       
    56.  
      1405:
      Libya's transitional authorities say Col Gaddafi has died - AFP reports. A similar report was carried earlier on Reuters (see 1256). However this has not been confirmed.
       
    57.  
      1406:
      Mid-ranking NTC officials are telling various BBC outlets that they are confident the rumours of Col Gaddafi's death are true. Speaking to the BBC News Channel, Abdullah Kenshill - the NTC's chief negotiator - says the former Libyan leader was killed by NTC forces and Nato wasn't involved. "It's Libyan people and Libyan forces who had this honour," he says.
       
    58.  
      1407:
      A summary of events so far: Libya's transitional authorities say they have captured Col Muammer Gaddafi, the country's former leader - although the arrest has not been officially confirmed. An NTC fighter told the BBC he found Col Gaddafi hiding in a hole in Sirte and the former leader begged him not to shoot. Some reports say Col Gaddafi has been wounded, others that he has been killed. The news came after NTC forces said they had won control of Sirte, Col Gaddafi's hometown. Libya's NTC say they will hold a press conference shortly.
       
    59.  
      Gaddafi loyalists were taken prisoner by NTC fighters from the centre of Sirte.
      Gaddafi loyalists taken prisoner
       
    60.  
      1407:
      Abdullah Razad, who represents Tripoli in the NTC, told the corporation's Russian Service: "I got confirmation of his death a couple of minutes ago. This is it. What other confirmation do you need?"
       
    61.  
      1411:
      Nick Clegg, the UK's deputy prime minister, tells the BBC that if reports of Col Gaddafi's capture are true it represents "a very significant further step for peace and freedom in the whole region", adding that it could mean "a new beginning for Libya".
       
    62.  
      1412:
      More reports are coming in saying Col Gaddafi has died. Libya's Information Minister Mahmoud Shammam said he has confirmed that Col Gaddafi was dead from fighters who said they saw the body. He said he expects the prime minister to confirm the death soon, noting that past reports emerged "before making 100% confirmation."
       
    63.  
      Feb 17 Voices
      tweets: LPC #Sirte: body of #Gaddafi will be examined by doctor in #Misrata before cause of death will be announced. [Seeking confirmation] (LPC is short for Live Phone Call)
       
    64.  
      1414:
      "Our people in Sirte saw the body... Mustafa Abdul-Jalil will confirm it soon," Mahmoud Shammam told The Associated Press. "Revolutionaries say Gaddafi was in a convoy and that they attacked the convoy."
       
    65.  
      1414:
      BBC political correspondent Norman Smith reports that UK government sources say they are expecting confirmation "soon" from Abdul Jalil over capture of Gaddafi.
       
    66.  
      1415:
      Pro-NTC Libya TV continues to report that Col Gaddafi has been killed, adding that the ex-Libyan leader's son Mutassim, as well as security chief Mansour Daw and intelligence chief Abdullah al-Senussi have been captured and transferred to Misrata on an air ambulance.
       
    67.  
      Jonny Hallam, BBC producer in Tripoli
      tweets: Iman from our local mosque in #Tripoli is exclaiming 'praise and thanks to god' on a very loud speaker. #Feb17
       
    68.  
      Al Arabiya English
      tweets: Al Arabiya has been granted permission to photograph Muammar #Gaddafi's body. #Gadhafi
       
    69.  
      1429:
      Meanwhile, Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam is believed to still be at large in the southern Libya desert, an NTC member has told al-Jazeera.
       
    70.  
      1429: Alan Fisher Al Jazeera correspondent
      tweets: Aljazeera's Tony Birtley says he has seen mobile phone footage which shows #Gaddafi was alive when he was captured
       
    71.  
      Here, a NTC fighter looks through a large concrete pipe where Col Gaddafi was allegedly captured, according to reports from the AFP news agency.
      A man looking in a hole where Col Gaddafi was allegedly captured
       
    72.  
      1431:
      AFP is reporting that Gaddafi's son Mutassim was found dead in Sirte.
       
    73.  
      1431:
      The EU has hailed the "end of an era of despotism", reports AFP.
       
    74.  
      1437:
      BBC chief political correspondent Norman Smith says Downing Street is awaiting confirmation about the precise situation regarding Col Gaddafi before making any comment. Our correspondent says it will be a "significant moment" for Prime Minister David Cameron if reports of Col Gaddafi's capture are true because involvement in Libya was "a huge call for him".
       
    75.  
      1437:
      "More and more officials here are saying he has been killed," says the BBC's Caroline Hawley in Tripoli.
       
    76.  
      An anti-Gaddafi fighter burns a Libyan flag in Sirte as the town falls from the dictator's control.
      Anti-Gaddafi fighter
       
    77.  
      1444:
      An NTC official tells Al-Jazeera that Col Gaddafi's most prominent son, Saif al-Islam, is still believed to be at large in Libya's desert.
       
    78.  
      1445:
      Konstantin Kosachev, who heads the Russian parliament's foreign affairs committee, tells the Interfax news agency the capture of Col Gaddafi, if proved to be true, "will not mark a turning point in the Libyan conflict". He says there is no reason to think the situation in Libya will "normalise" if the rumours are confirmed.
       
    79.  
      1448:
      NTC vice-chairman Abdul Hafiz Ghoga confirms that Col Gaddafi is dead - Reuters.
       
    80.  
      A gold-plated gun, said to have been owned by the former Libyan leader, has been brandished by those who say he has been captured.
      Allegedly the gold-plated gun of ousted Libyan leader
       
    81.  
      1456:
      Here is a video interview with a man who claims he saw Col Gaddafi being shot in abdomen.
       
    82.  
      1456:
      More from NTC vice-chairman Abdul Hafiz Ghoga - he's quoted as saying that the liberation of all of Libya will be announced within hours.
       
    83.  
      1459:
      Al-Jazeera has shown what it says is an exclusive picture of Col Gaddafi's body being dragged along the ground.
       
    84.  
      1504:
      There have been fears over reprisals following about seven months of violence in Libya. Two EU leaders - Herman van Rompuy and Jose Manuel Barroso - are now stressing the importance of a "broad based reconciliation process".
       
    85.  
      Libyans have been celebrating in Martyrs' Square, Tripoli, after hearing reports that Col Gaddafi - who ruled the country for 42 years - was killed in Sirte.
      Libyans celebrate in Tripoli
       
    86.  
      1514: Moez, in Tripoli, Libya,
      tells the BBC: "I am totally overwhelmed. There are grown men in my office who are crying at this news. This is very symbolic. Gaddafi was the face and image of Libya for 40 years. Today marks the start of a new Libya."
       
    87.  
      1514:
      The BBC's Gabriel Gatehouse in Sirte says he's getting the sense of huge surprise that Col Gaddafi was apparently found there - many thought he was elsewhere in Libya or had fled to another country.
       
    88.  
      1515:
      "Stores are open and they are giving out things for free," says 19-year-old student Hadil, in Tripoli, who was in a lecture when she heard reports of Col Gaddafi's capture. She tells the BBC World Service: "God will punish him. We have seen 42 years of hell, so it's all uphill from here."
       
    89.  
      1516:
      The BBC's Gabriel Gatehouse says he has spoken to the man who claims to have captured Col Gaddafi. The man told our correspondent the former Libyan leader was hiding in a hole in the centre of Sirte and said "don't shoot".
       
    90.  
      Here's a grab of that image from Al-Jazeera purporting to show Col Gaddafi's body being dragged along the street.
      Grab from Al-Jazeera purporting to show Col Gaddafi's body, 20 October 2011
       
    91.  
      1523:
      In an update bearing an "urgent" caption, pro-NTC Libya TV reports that Col Gaddafi's body has arrived in Misrata.
       
    92.  
      1529:
      A quick recap of today's dramatic events for those just joining us: Officials from Libya's transitional authorities say that Col Muammar Gaddafi has been killed and several of his entourage have died or been captured. The news came moments after Libya's transitional fighters said they had finally taken control of the Gaddafi stronghold of Sirte - and nearly two months after the fall of Tripoli.
       
    93.  
      1531: Breaking News
      Libyan Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril tells a news conference in Tripoli that Col Gaddafi has been killed - Associated Press.
       
    94.  
      1532:
      AP quotes Mr Jibril as saying: "We have been waiting for this moment for a long time. Muammar Gaddafi has been killed."
       
    95.  
      1535:
      Al-Jazeera is reporting that Col Gaddafi's body has been placed in a mosque in Misrata.
       
    96.  
      1540:
      It's worth recalling that Misrata suffered a brutal siege at the hands of pro-Gaddafi fighters earlier this year. Forces from the coastal city have subsequently played a central role in the advance on Tripoli and the battle for Sirte.
       
    97.  
      1542:
      Libyan ambassador to the UK, speaking in London, says that Libyan freedom fighters have finally succeeded "in drawing the curtains on Gaddafi's crimes... Today Libya's future begins."
       
    98.  
      1543:
      The Daily Beast website has an interview with relatives of those who died in the Lockerbie bombing. Brian Flynn, who lost his brother, says the reports of Col Gaddafi's death suggest "the long trail to justice is coming to an end".
       
    99.  
      1544:
      Reuters is reporting that one of its contacts has seen a video of Col Gaddafi's son Mutassim lying on a bed and covered in blood, but alive.
       
    100.  
      Mahmud Nacua, Libya's ambassador to the UK, says the Libyans are "looking forward to a promising future".
      Mahmud Nacua, Libya's ambassador in the UK
       
    101.  
      1548:
      A source has told the BBC that pro-Gaddafi forces had been surrounded in a handful of buildings in the North West of Sirte. A convoy of vehicles may have been trying to break out when Nato warplanes attacked. But the BBC's Jonathan Beale says it's still not known whether there is a direct link between the strike by Nato warplanes and the death of Colonel Gaddafi - as reported on the ground.
       
    102.  
      1556: Breaking News
      Libyan Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril has told a news conference Col Gaddafi is dead, it is confirmed.
       
    103.  
      1556:
      Prime Minister David Cameron says today is a day to "remember all of Col Gaddafi's victims". He adds that the Libyan people now have a better chance of building a "strong and democratic future".
      Prime Minister David Cameron
       
    104.  
      1556:
      PM Jibril says he has unconfirmed reports that Saif al-Islam Gaddafi is in a convoy fleeing Sirte - that sounds different to earlier speculation that Saif al-Islam was roaming the desert.
       
    105.  
      1557:
      David Cameron says he is proud of the role the UK played in bringing about the end of Col Gaddafi's regime.
       
    106.  
      Libyan refugees in Tunisia celebrate outside their embassy in Tunis after hearing reports of Col Gaddafi's death.
      Libyan refugees in Tunisia celebrate
       
    107.  
      1602:
      "I think today is a day to remember all of Colonel Gaddafi's victims, from those who died in connection with the Pan-Am flight over Lockerbie to Yvonne Fletcher in a London street and obviously all the victims of IRA terrorism who died through their use of Libyan Semtex," says David Cameron, the UK's prime minister.
       
    108.  
      1606:
      Reuters is now reporting that Mutassim Gaddafi, the son who was reported all along to have remained in Sirte, has been killed, according to an NTC military commander.
       
    109.  
      1607:
      Libyans have expressed some surprise that Col Gaddafi was found in Sirte. But they might be more surprised by a report on NTC TV that Col Gaddafi's former security chief Mansour Daw was among those captured. Daw was widely reported last month to have fled to Niger.
       
    110.  
      Malik L in Libya
      tweets: I will never forget this day nor the city I arrived in yesterday. Sitting in #Derna near Sahaba Mosque, receiving the news that #gaddafi is dead
       
    111.  
      1614:
      There are now reports that Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, said to be fleeing Sirte in a convoy, has been encircled and is under attack.
       
    112.  
      1616:
      French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe has hailed the "end of 42 years of tyranny" in Libya.
       
    113.  
      1618:
      Here's a reminder of the Gaddafi family tree, and the roles and relationships of the former Libyan leader's closest family.
       
    114.  
      1618:
      PM Jibril says NTC chairman Mustafa Abdel Jalil will declare the liberation of Libya later on Thursday, or on Friday at the latest - Reuters.
       
    115.  
      1621:
      Mohammed, a resident of Misrata, claims he has been to the mosque in his city to which Col Gaddafi's body has been taken. Speaking to a producer for BBC World Have Your Say, he says: "It's definitely him, it's his hair, his face, I would know it anywhere - all Libyan would."
       
    116.  
      1625:
      Mr Jibril is also quoted as requesting that Algeria hand over the Gaddafi family members who have taken refuge there. Col Gaddafi's wife and three of his children - Aisha, Muhammad and Hannibal - fled to Algeria in August.
       
    117.  
      1625:
      UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon says people should recognise that "this is only the end of the beginning", adding: "Now is the time for all Libyans to come together". He says this is "a time for healing and rebuilding" and "not for revenge".
       
    118.  
      1627:
      Mr Ban says Col Gaddafi's death marks a "historic transition for Libya".
       
    119.  
      1634: Norman Smith Chief political correspondent, BBC News Channel
      Interesting, I thought, the tone of the prime minister's statement. No sense of triumphalism and certainly no claims of a victory. I imagine, privately, David Cameron must surely feel vindicated because the Libyan enterprise was a big political risk. There were plenty at the time warning him of the potential of getting sucked into an Iraq-style quagmire.
       
    120.  
      1638:
      British opposition leader Ed Miliband says the death of Col Gaddafi "marks the end of a tragic period in Libyan history marked by brutality and repression" and said he was proud of the role of British forces in the "cause".
       
    121.  
      Moez in Tripoli, Libya
      tweets: In today's #Libya, death of #Gaddafi largely symbolic more than anything and will help people to close many chapters/move on #feb17
       
    122.  
      1641:
      First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond said the Lockerbie bombing of 1988 remains "an open case" and that Scotland would pursue any leads brought about by recent events in Libya.
       
    123.  
      1648:
      An update of events so far today: The Libyan prime minister, Mahmoud Jibril, has announced the country's former leader Col Muammar Gaddafi is dead, confirming earlier reports. The transitional authorities said he had been wounded in the battle for his home town of Sirte, where Nato carried out an airstrike on Thursday morning. There have been wild celebrations on the streets of Sirte and in the capital, Tripoli. See here for Col Gaddafi's obituary.
       
    124.  
      1655:
      Here you can see footage of NTC Vice Chairman Abdel Hafiz Ghoga announcing Col Gaddafi's death.
       
    125.  
      1655:
      NTC official Abdel Majid Mlegta has told Reuters that Col Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who died during his father's capture, was killed by NTC forces. "He was trying to fight back and he was resisting them," he said.
       
    126.  
      1702:
      German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle says he hopes for a new era of peace and democracy in Libya, AFP reports.
       
    127.  
      Mohammed Ali Abdallah of the National Front for the Salvation of Libya
      tweets this unconfirmed report: The young man who killed Gaddafi is 18 Yr old Ahmed Shaibani, a new hero is born #Feb17 #Libya #GameOver
       
    128.  
      1703:
      A man waves a Libyan flag from his car near the Libyan embassy in London as people gather to celebrate the death of Col Gaddafi.
      A man waves a Libyan flag in London
       
    129.  
      1704:
      The details surrounding Col Gaddafi's death remain unclear. Here, we piece together what we know of Gaddafi's final hours in Sirte.
       
    130.  
      1704: Mohamed, a business man in Tripoli, Libya,
      tells the BBC: "Our present environment will be improved. We have been waiting for this news. Libya will become a very safe place. The business community here will be very happy, we will be able to resume our businesses. We are thankful to the US, to France and to David Cameron for their help."
       
    131.  
      @ChangeinLibya in Tripoli, Libya:
      tweets: Saying that there are celebrations in every single inch of Tripoli and Libya is an understatement. You have to see it. #Libya #Tripoli
       
    132.  
      1716:
      More reaction from Germany's foreign minister Guido Westerwelle. "After decades of dictatorship, we hope the people of Libya can open a new, peaceful and democratic chapter for their country," he said in a statement.
       
    133.  
      1719:
      Meanwhile, French President Nicolas Sarkozy has welcomed events as the start of the democratic process in Libya. "The liberation of Sirte must signal...the start of a process agreed by the NTC to establish a democratic system in which all groups in the country have their place and where fundamental freedoms are guaranteed," Mr Sarkozy said in a statement.
       
    134.  
      1720:
      Mr Sarkozy said now was the time for "reconciliation in unity and freedom", according to Reuters news agency.
       
    135.  
      1727:
      DUP MP Jeffrey Donaldson says death of Col Gaddafi paves the way for the settlement of legal claims by IRA victims in Northern Ireland. Mr Donaldson says Semtex from Libya was used in attacks such as the Warrington bombing in 1993.
       
    136.  
      Abdul Mounem in Libya
      emails to the BBC's Arabic service: The death of Gaddafi is considered the real end of dictatorships, not only in Libya but in the rest of the world.
       
    137.  
      1731:
      Libyan nationals embrace in Malta after hearing that Col Gaddafi has been killed in Sirte.
      Libyan nationals embrace in Malta after hearing news that Col Gaddafi has been killed
       
    138.  
      1732:
      UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has warned that Col Gaddafi's death is "only the end of the beginning" and said Libyans must refrain from acts of retribution. He said: "Now is the time for all Libyans to come together... Combatants on all sides must lay down their arms in peace. This is the time for healing and rebuilding, for generosity of spirit, not for revenge."
       
    139.  
      1732:
      The Vatican's number two, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, said he was praying for "peace in the country and democracy" in Libya. "We have to work for the Libyan people and so that everybody will cooperate towards the reconstruction" of the war-torn country, he said.
       
    140.  
      1736:
      Our monitoring staff at Caversham report that Al-Jazeera TV is showing footage of Gaddafi being taken away alive by Libyan fighters. The screen caption reads: "Urgent footage of Gaddafi before his killing".
       
    141.  
      1737:
      "There is a very, very strong feeling that Gaddafi was a man who had done evil to his country," says Oliver Miles, a former British ambassador to Libya. "It is a relief" that Col Gaddafi is dead he tells BBC World Service, but "our role has been played - it's now up to the Libyans to make the best of the new situation," he says.
       
    142.  
      1741:
      Libyan leader Col Gaddafi during a news conference inside his Bedouin tent on the outskirts of Tripoli, Libya, 12 January 1986
      See images of Col Gaddafi in our picture gallery, including one of him in September 1969 just a few weeks after his coup d'etat ousted King Idris. Here is the former Libyan leader during the 1980s.
       
    143.  
      1742:
      The African Union says it has lifted its suspension of Libya's membership, reports Reuters. The new Libyan government will take the seat, the AU said.
       
    144.  
      Broadcaster Al Jazeera
      tweets: Al Jazeera is receiving unconfirmed reports that Saif al-Islam, Muammar #Gaddafi's son, has been arrested http://aje.me
       
    145.  
      Juan Sebastian Pantoja
      writing on the BBC Mundo facebook page, says: Libyan people have waited a long time for Gaddafi's death. Today it's the beginning of democracy for them. They knew that with Gaddafi, peace in Lybia would never be assured. Now that he is not an obstacle any more they will move forward with the development of their country.
       
    146.  
      Faisal Saeed Al-Mutar in Iraq
      emails: Another Arab dictatorship has fallen. Libyan people need to realise that there is much work ahead of them. They must keep themselves united and not fall into the trap of sectarianism as the Iraqis did. Long live democracy!
       
    147.  
      @Weddady in Massachusetts, US
      tweets: "Gaddafi didn't get a trial": tell that to Mansour Al-Kikhiya or Fathi Al-Jahmi or Hamed Al-Shuwehdi's families #Libya #Justice
       
    148.  
      1753:
      More on the images carried by al-Jazeera, which appear to show Col Gaddafi before he died. The former Libyan leader was shown with a bloody face, being manhandled by a group of NTC fighters. He was seen struggling at one point and being pushed against a car and struck on the head with a pistol, Reuters reports. Al-Jazeera said the pictures were aired by a Libyan TV channel.
       
    149.  
      Al Arabiya English
      tweets: NTC fighter: "We did not know #Gadhafi was there until he shot at us first" - Al Arabiya
       
    150.  
      1757:
      The NTC's Qatar-based Libya TV, also known as Libya al-Ahrar, has reported that Col Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam has been killed. The report has not been confirmed. Earlier reports suggested his convoy had been surrounded by NTC fighters in southern Libya.
       
    151.  
      @Libyanproud
      tweets: People distributing candy, chocolate, water, and even flowers #Tripoli
       
    152.  
      1757:
      UK Foreign Secretary William Hague says the Nato countries never doubted that military action was the right thing for Libya: "We knew we had to act to save civilian life - that's what we did and I think we felt vindicated all along, because Libya does now have the opportunity to become a free and democratic country, on far better terms with its neighbours and the rest of the world than was ever the case under Col Gaddafi."
       
    153.  
      Al Arabiya English
      tweets: The reports about the death of Saif al-Islam Qaddafi has been confirmed: Al Arabiya correspondent
       
    154.  
      1758:
      The Pentagon has said it is not clear if Col Gaddafi was part of a convoy bombed by Nato aircraft on Thursday morning. "We know there was an air strike on a small convoy of vehicles that were deemed to be and in the act of threatening Libyan civilians" outside of Sirte, spokesman Capt John Kirby told reporters. "But there's no indication or identification of the people that were in that convoy," Mr Kirby said.
       
    155.  
      1803:
      Reacting to the news of Col Gaddafi's death, US Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney says: "This was a tyrant who has been killing his own people, and, of course, is responsible for the lives of American citizens lost in the Lockerbie attack. And I think people across the world recognise that the world is a better place without Muammar Gaddafi."
       
    156.  
      @Feb17voices
      tweets: LPC #Misrata: Growing number of as-yet unconfirmed reports of the capture of #Gaddafi's son Saif are circulating in the city #Libya
       
    157.  
      1814:
      "Everyone should be better off without Col Gaddafi," writes the Guardian's Middle East editor Ian Black.
       
    158.  
      1814:
      Outside the Libyan embassy in London, Ramadan Muttawa, 46, draped in the Libyan flag, says: "It's all over. We got rid of him. Hold your head up high. Libya is free. Forty-two years of tyranny is over."
       
    159.  
      1814:
      German Chancellor Angela Merkel says that "the path is now finally clear for a fresh political start, in peace (in Libya)", according to Reuters. But she stresses that Libya should now carry out political reforms to "ensure the achievements of the Arab Spring cannot be undone".
       
    160.  
      1815:
      Abdullah walking towards Green Square in Tripoli tells BBC World Have Your Say: "There are lots of people, lots of noise. Everyone is happy. It's a fantastic moment."
       
    161.  
      British Libyan Ahmed Sanalla in Benghazi
      tweets: Thursday 20th October a day that will live forever in #Libyan history....#Libya #Feb17 #Gaddafi
       
    162.  
      1816:
      Amnesty International calls for an independent inquiry into the circumstances of the death of Col Gaddafi. Footage broadcast by Arab satellite television stations appears to show he was captured alive.
       
    163.  
      1818:
      UK Foreign Secretary William Hague says Libya still has problems to overcome: "Clearly, we're very pleased that with Sirte falling and with the pro-Gaddafi forces pretty much driven out of Bani Walid as well, and with Gaddafi himself removed from the scene, Libya is able to move on to the next phase - but there are still challenges in that phase."
       
    164.  
      1827:
      Celebrations earlier today outside the Libyan embassy in central London:
      Celebrations this afternoon outside the Libyan embassy in central London
       
    165.  
      1828: Gabriel Gatehouse BBC News, Sirte
      says that - amid all the celebrations - fighting was still going on just a couple of hours ago. The fear is, he adds, that some pro-Gaddafi fighters, including snipers, are still roaming the city.
       
    166.  
      1841:
      In the Atlantic magazine, author Howard W. French looks at how Col Gaddafi Reshaped Africa. He says the former Libyan leader's "dark legacy" includes some of the continent's worst regimes and conflicts.
       
    167.  
      1845:
      If you're just joining us, welcome to the BBC's live coverage of dramatic events in Libya. We're bringing you the latest updates from our correspondents, expert analysis and your reaction from around the world. You can contact us via email, text or Twitter.
       
    168.  
      1849:
      Andrew, a Ugandan in Juba, South Sudan, tells BBC World Have Your Say the news of Col Gaddafi's death is very sad. He says: "Gaddafi gave African countries lots of money."
       
    169.  
      1856:
      Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki "congratulates the brotherly Libyan people and transitional council for being freed at last from tyrant Gaddafi", Iraq's al-Sharqiyah News channel reports.
       
    170.  
      1856:
      Libyan TV has shown amateur video of Col Gaddafi shortly before he died in Sirte. The footage, shot using a mobile phone, contains graphic images that some people may find distressing.
       
    171.  
      1858:
      The former Libyan leader's death "marks only the beginning of a hoped-for political, economic and moral renaissance", according to the Economist, which says "reconciliation must also be pursued".
       
    172.  
      1903:
      In a statement, the families of the victims of the Pan Am 103 flight, which was bombed over Lockerbie, say: "We want to commend the Libyan people for their courage and determination. Their freedom has come at a very high cost of their loved ones, so we all owe them a debt of gratitude. We also want to commend the Nato forces."
       
    173.  
      1905: @live2Tripoli in Tripoli, Libya
      tweets: Beautiful vibes in #Libya today and extending to the night! #allahuakbar
       
    174.  
      1907:
      If you want more international reaction, the BBC News website is now running this piece.
       
    175.  
      1907:
      US President Barack Obama says Col Gaddafi's death marks "the end of a long and painful chapter for the people of Libya".
       
    176.  
      1910:
      In his statement, President Obama says: "This is a momentous day in the history of Libya."
      US President Barack Obama
       
    177.  
      1913:
      More from President Obama. He says that "the Gaddafi regime has come to an end" and "the dark shadow of the tyranny has been lifted" in Libya. He also reaffirms his country's commitment to being partners with the Libyan transitional authorities.
       
    178.  
      1915:
      Looking to the future, Mr Obama says Libyans have "a long and winding road to democracy" ahead of them. And, addressing the people of the north African country directly, he adds: "You have won your revolution."
       
    179.  
      1924: Caroline Hawley BBC News, Tripoli
      says Libya faces huge challenges ahead. The country is still not under central control but, at the moment, the Libyans are celebrating.
       
    180.  
      1932: Paul Adams BBC News, Washington
      asks: "Does today's news vindicate an American strategy that some have dubbed 'leading from behind'? Or does the death of Muammar Gaddafi come despite months of American dithering?" He adds that "most Americans are too pre-occupied with their own economic problems to care one way or the other, but analysts and politicians will debate the merits of President Obama's Libya strategy for some time to come".
       
    181.  
      British Foreign Secretary William Hague
      tweets: Qadhafi made #Libya a byword for violence & stifled freedom. Now Libyans will be known for courage & persistence in gaining their freedom
       
    182.  
      1938:
      Symbols of Col Gaddafi's rule, such as this sculpture of the Green Book, have been destroyed.
      A sculpture of Col Gaddafi's Green Book being destroyed
       
    183.  
      1944: John Simpson World Affairs Editor, BBC News
      recalls in this article that Col Gaddafi was so eccentric that it sometimes obscured the serious unpleasantness of the regime which he ran for 42 years.
       
    184.  
      1944: Ian Pannell, BBC News, in Washington
      says: "I think President Obama is feeling that his foreign policy strategy has been vindicated - that his critics have been proven wrong."
       
    185.  
      @youngamazigh
      tweets: My cousin in Tripoli: "coffee shops are open and everything is for free!" #feb17 #libya
       
    186.  
      1952:
      Nato Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen says in a statement: "After 42 years, Col Gaddafi's rule of fear has finally come to an end. I call on all Libyans to put aside their differences and work together to build a brighter future."
       
    187.  
      1954:
      Mohammad Miloud, a 29-year-old HR manager in Tripoli, tells BBC World Have Your Say: "My feelings are mixed. I am happy, there are fireworks and everyone is celebrating. But I am worried about the future of Libya - how can we achieve democracy? I don't think the NTC can do it."
       
    188.  
      2001:
      The drain where Col Gaddafi was reportedly found by NTC forces is likely to have a place in Libyan history.
      The drain where Col Gaddafi was reportedly found by NTC forces
       
    189.  
      2003: Mark Mardell BBC North America editor
      writes in his blog: "Gaddafi's death will be a relief to President Obama and his administration. That's on the fairly simple grounds that he backed Nato action, called for him to go, and now he's gone."
       
    190.  
      2008:
      More reaction from Nato (see 1952 entry). Officials from the alliance say the governing body will meet on Friday to discuss whether to end the seven-month bombing campaign over Libya.
       
    191.  
      Lindsey Hilsum, Channel 4 news,
      tweets: Fighters and staff at Radisson #tripoli beating drums and singing in celebration of #Gadaffi death. Huge noise!
       
    192.  
      2017: Wyre Davies BBC News, Tripoli
      says there is very little love lost for Col Gaddafi in the Libyan capital. He says many people are looking forward - although with some trepidation - to what may come in the future.
       
    193.  
      2023:
      The AFP news agency reports that Egypt's government said it hoped Col Gaddafi's death would "open a new chapter" in the country's history. In a statement, Cairo said it was "ready to support the Libyan people in reconstructing their country".
       
    194.  
      2027:
      Libya's transitional authorities plan to bury Col Gaddafi in a secret location, according to Al-Arabiya TV.
       
    195.  
      2028: Rana Jawad BBC News, Tripoli
      describes in this article "manic celebrations" in Tripoli as the news came in of the former Libyan leader's death.
       
    196.  
      US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice
      tweets: The people of #Libya will face great challenges in the days ahead. As they do, the United States will stand with them. #Qadhafi
       
    197.  
      2035:
      UK-based Libyans tell the BBC they are "full of optimism for the future" following news of Col Gaddafi's death.
       
    198.  
      2037:
      The NTC is set to announce the liberation of Libya on Saturday, the Reuters news agency reports.
       
    199.  
      2044:
      An NTC official now says Col Gaddafi's son, Mutassim, was killed and his body was taken to Misrata, Reuters reports.
       
    200.  
      2052:
      For an in-depth look at the background to Col Gaddafi's death, this BBC News guide to the events of recent months charts the fall of the former Libyan leader.
       
    201.  
      2055:
      The Syria-based Pro-Gaddafi Al-Ra'y TV says "there is no truth" in earlier media reports about the death or arrest of the ex-Libyan leader's son, Saif al-Islam.
       
    202.  
      2100:
      For those of you just joining us, here's a quick recap: Libya's ex-leader Col Muammar Gaddafi was killed following an assault on his birthplace of Sirte. The precise details of his death are not yet clear. News of his demise has been greeted with jubilation across much of the country he ruled for 42 years. Meanwhile, several members of the international community have called for Libyans to now unite.
       
    203.  
      2118:
      Reuters news agency is reporting that one of its correspondents has seen the body of Mutassim Gaddafi in the city of Misrata.
       
    204.  
      2123:
      Muammar Gaddafi was in good health and armed when captured, Libya's interim prime minister Mahmoud Jibril tells a news conference. Gaddafi is said to have been shot in the right arm or hand as he was taken to a pick-up truck, then shot in the head in crossfire as the vehicle began moving.
       
    205.  
      2130:
      "Gaddafi was taken out of a sewage pipe... he didn't show any resistance. When we started moving him he was hit by a bullet in his right arm and when they put him in a truck he did not have any other injuries," PM Jibril said, reading from a forensics report.
       
    206.  
      2132:
      "When the car was moving it was caught in crossfire between the revolutionaries and Gaddafi forces in which he was hit by a bullet in the head," PM Jibril adds, reading from the forensics report, according to Reuters. "The forensic doctor could not tell if it came from the revolutionaries or from Gaddafi's forces."
       
    207.  
      2132:
      The Libyan interim prime minister adds that Gaddafi died just a few minutes before reaching hospital.
       
    208.  
      2136:
      David Mundell, Conservative MP for Dumfriesshire, where Lockerbie is located, said: "[Gaddafi] brought death and despair to so many and our thoughts should be with them at this time. I hope that answers will now emerge to the many questions still surrounding the Lockerbie bombing."
       
    209.  
      2140:
      Susan Cohen, of New Jersey, lost her 20-year-old daugher at Lockerbie. She told AP news agency she would mark Gaddafi's death by opening a bottle of expensive champagne: "It's great now that we know. I didn't want him to go to a trial. When you have a tyrant, a monster like him, we're all better off with him dead."
       
    210.  
      2142:
      The body of Mutassim Gaddafi, one of Col Gaddafi's sons, has been laid out in a private home in Misrata, a Reuters reporter at the scene says. People have been crowding round the body to take pictures on their mobile phones, the correspondent says.
       
    211.  
      2145:
      Reuters reports that Mutassim Gaddafi's body was laid on blankets on the floor, covered from the waist down in a blue plastic sheet, and that there were wounds on his chest and neck.
       
    212.  
      2151:
      Col Gaddafi is the first leader to be slain in the Arab Spring uprisings. His death will not help the heads of autocratic regimes elsewhere sleep easy.
       
    213.  
      Mona Eltahawy
      tweets: Dear #Libyan sisters and brothers: I salute your courage and tenacity for freedom and have full faith in ur ability to build a Free #Libya
       
    214.  
      2202:
      Mahmoud Shammam, Libyan Information Minister, has said Mutassim Gaddafi - one of Col Gaddafi's sons and his former national security adviser - was found hiding with his father. Mutassim is believed to be dead.
       
    215.  
      2204:
      Outside Libya's embassy in London, demonstrators have been celebrating. Najwa Creui, 40, who has worked in Britain as a teacher for 16 years, told AP news agency: "I smiling. It's the day Libyans have been waiting for as long as I have been alive."
       
    216.  
      2217:
      Iraqi government official Ali al-Dabbagh tells Reuters: "I reminded Gaddafi of the fate of Saddam Hussein when I met him, because [Saddam] killed his people. Now Gaddafi met the same fate." He also warned other Arab leaders to take note.
       
    217.  
      2227: The New York Times Lens blog
      has published a striking picture gallery by photojournalist Mauricio Lima capturing the agony and terror of battle in Sirte. One can almost hear the rattle of gunfire and the howls of the wounded.
       
    218.  
      2229:
      Niger's Foreign Minister Mohammed Bazoum has told Reuters Western countries have informed him Col Gaddafi's ex-intelligence chief, Abdullah al-Senussi, has crossed into northern Niger. The minister said it would be difficult to confirm the report as the region was so remote.
       
    219.  
      2235:
      The jerky images of a bloodied Gaddafi - the self-styled king of kings, this modern day Ozymandias, a man whose dream was to lead a United States of Africa - staggering under blows from armed men, as he is dragged to his death, apparently from a sewage pipe, is a potent metaphor of power's transitory nature.
       
    220.  
      2239:
      The Daily Beast has aggregated reaction from commentators to the events in Libya.
       
    221.  
      2242:
      Libya al-Hurra TV, a local channel, is reporting a doctor in Tripoli as saying celebratory gunfire has left more than 60 people injured, seven seriously.
       
    222.  
      2244:
      Others loyal to Col Gaddafi, such as his son Saadi, have sheltered in Niger. Its government has resisted calls from Libya's new leaders to hand them over. Niger's foreign minister says Thursday's events do not change that position.
       
    223.  
      2247:
      Not all world leaders are giving today's events the thumbs-up. According to AFP news agency, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez told reporters: "We shall remember Gaddafi our whole lives as a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr. They assassinated him. It is another outrage."
       
    224.  
      2254:
      US Vice-President Joe Biden, in New Hampshire, has told the Associated Press that the American intervention in Libya has been a success that could become a blueprint for the administration's foreign policy in the future. "This is more of the prescription for how to deal with the world as we go forward than it has been in the past," he said.
       
    225.  
      2300:
      So, eight months after the Libyan revolt began, seven months after Nato sent in the warplanes and two months after the fall of Tripoli, Muammar Gaddafi is dead. As yet another tumultuous day in the Arab Spring uprisings draws to close, thanks for following the BBC's coverage. You can keep across the story as it develops here.